TL;DR
Alzheimer's treatment today means infusions of antibody drugs that clear the sticky amyloid plaques from the brain, and doctors still argue over how much they help. A small drugmaker is testing something very different: a nose spray meant to calm inflamed immune cells in the brain, given on its own or alongside the amyloid drugs. On Oct. 16 Tiziana said the last patient in its Phase 2 trial in mild Alzheimer's had received the drug, and it expects results in early 2027. If it works, people in the early stages of the disease could someday treat one part of it with a spray instead of only a drip, and Alzheimer's care could come to combine several drugs aimed at several causes. Nothing has been shown yet: the company has not said how many people are in the trial, and no results exist.
Below the line, for paid subscribers: The full story: where it stands, how we got here and what's dated next; our Odds board on 5 milestones, starting with "A nose spray aimed at brain inflammation shows a benefit for mild Alzheimer's in a Phase 2 trial by 2027"; our labeled speculation on what it adds up to; and every source.